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Identification of Antioxidative Peptides from Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Seeds Protein Hydrolysates
Fatoumata Tounkara,
Issiaka Togola,
Mamadou Abdoulaye Konare,
Mah Moutaga Fane
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
97-105
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.11
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Abstract: In this study Roselle seed protein isolates were digested using pepsin followed by pancreatin at different time in order to produce hydrolysate with good antioxidant. The prepared hydrolysates were as effective as antioxidants in model systems, in scavenging of free radicals. This effect was concentration-dependent and was also influenced by the hydrolysis time. Among all the hydrolysates, the 3 hours Roselle seed protein hydrolysate showed the highest antioxidant activity. Then it was separated into four fractions (I, II, III and IV) by filtration on Sephadex G-15. The antioxidant activities of the fractions were investigated using different in vitro methods. All fractions were effective antioxidants, with fraction III showing the highest antioxidant activity. The Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography purification was then performed to the fraction (FIII). From the resultant, five isolated peptides from the active peak (FIII-3), were identified by liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to contain Thr-Val-Glu-Asn-Leu/ Ala-Leu-Gly-Ala-Asp-Cys-Asp-Val/ Tyr-Thr-Met-Phe-Ser-Thr-Ser-Trp-Phe/ His-Asn-Asp-Pro-Glu-Phe/ Thr-Pro-Glu-Cys-Asn-Val amino acid structural sequences. The study confirmed that peptides with strong antioxidant activities from Roselle seed protein can be successfully provided through enzymatic digestion. In addition, five purified peptides are mainly responsible for the potent free radical scavenging of the fraction and the hydrolysate. Thus, they could be included as antioxidant constituents in the food industry due to their role in food quality preservation and would be expected to protect against oxidative damage in living systems. For the first time, antioxidant peptides were purified and identified from prepared Roselle seed protein hydrolysates.
Abstract: In this study Roselle seed protein isolates were digested using pepsin followed by pancreatin at different time in order to produce hydrolysate with good antioxidant. The prepared hydrolysates were as effective as antioxidants in model systems, in scavenging of free radicals. This effect was concentration-dependent and was also influenced by the hy...
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Glycaemic Indices of Commonly Consumed Single and Mixed Meals as Eaten by Apparently Healthy Young Adults in Southwestern Nigeria
Ogundele Abimbola Eniola,
Sanusi Rasaki Ajani
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
106-114
Received:
10 June 2022
Accepted:
30 June 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.12
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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic diseases associated with life-threatening complications. Existing dietary management uses information on the Glycemic Index (GI) of single foods. However, foods are usually not consumed as a single item but as mixed meals in Nigeria. This study, therefore, determined the GI of commonly consumed single and mixed meals ‘as eaten’ by apparently healthy young adults in Southwestern, Nigeria. Thirty-five test meals [24 mixed meals and 11 single foods] prepared from yam, unripe plantain, white-bread, rice, ogi (maize paste), and beans were tested. The quasi-experimental study involved eighty apparently healthy young adults. 50g of the reference food (glucose) was dissolved in 350ml of water and served to the participants on two different days after a 10-12 hour overnight fast. Each of the participants served as a control and one day wash-out period was given between test meals. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline from groups of eight participants, thereafter they consumed 50g available carbohydrate portion of each test meal. Postprandial glucose concentrations were determined using an Accucheck® glucometer at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. GI for each test meal was calculated as the percentage incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) for the test meal divided by the average IAUC for the reference food. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. All test meals had a high GI value. Boiled-yam+Fried-egg had a GI of 84 while Boiled-yam as a single food had a GI of 94, Unripe-plantain+stew had a GI of 88 while unripe-plaintain as a single food had a GI of 89. White-bread+moinmoin and white-bread+Akara had GI of 78 and 93. Boiled-rice+fried-plantain+stew+meat, Boiled-rice+boiled-beans+stew+meat, Fried-rice+fried plaintain+meat had GI values of 74, 76 and 78 respectively. Ogi+moinmoin and Ogi+akara had GI of 76 and 77 while single foods of Beans-porridge, Boiled-beans, Akara and Moinmoin had GI of 85, 91, 91 and 94 respectively. The GI of boiled-rice (93) and ogi (92) as single foods were significantly higher than when eaten as mixed meals. Boiled-rice+fried-plantain+stew had the lowest GI (74) while beans-porridge+soaked-garri had the highest GI (96). The mixed meals had lower GI values compared to the single foods. This study has provided relevant information on the GI of mixed meals in Nigeria which can be useful in dietary recommendations for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic diseases associated with life-threatening complications. Existing dietary management uses information on the Glycemic Index (GI) of single foods. However, foods are usually not consumed as a single item but as mixed meals in Nigeria. This study, therefore, determined the GI of commonly consumed single and m...
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Exploring the Biochemical Components of Fresh Peels of Three Varieties of Musa sapientum (Banana)
Victoria Bennett,
Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
115-119
Received:
15 June 2022
Accepted:
4 July 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.13
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Abstract: Musa sapientum, commonly known as banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants. Banana peels have the potentials to support microbial growth. This research was focused on the fresh peels of three banana species (Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca). Samples were collected from Angalabiri Community in Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and a comparative study of the proximate, mineral and phytochemicals in the fresh peels was carried out. From the mineral analysis result, ash content seems to be higher in Musa balbisiana, 1.38%. Protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrate contents (2.09%, 16.40%, 18.38%, and 22.44%) were higher for Musa paradisiaca peels indicating that the peels could be a good source of fiber and carbohydrate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extract of the peels of Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca showed fifteen phytochemicals respectively. Moderate amounts of caryophyllene (56.1% and 28.9%), were identified in Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca speceies, indicating that the peels of Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca could be good sources of food additive, typically for flavoring. Significant amount of Humulene, 68.4%, was identified in the peels of Musa paradisiaca, also indicating that the peels could be a good source of antibiotics.
Abstract: Musa sapientum, commonly known as banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants. Banana peels have the potentials to support microbial growth. This research was focused on the fresh peels of three banana species (Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca). Sample...
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Impact of Feed Presentation Form and Feeding Strategy on Egg Quality
Gwladys Menon Agbo,
Sedjro Ludolphe Dedome,
Mouaïmine Mazou,
Chakirath Folake Arike Salifou,
Edith Gangbedji,
Faustin Dokui,
Peace Gloria Guidigbi,
Ulrich Romaric Adjalian,
Soumanou Seibou Toleba,
Fidele Paul Tchobo,
Mankpondji Frederic Houndonougbo
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
120-127
Received:
17 June 2022
Accepted:
4 July 2022
Published:
18 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.14
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Abstract: Egg production in Benin is subject to a several constraints that hinder its development despite the growing demand for animal proteins. Therefore, finding innovative means and techniques to guarantee quality and quantity of production would be advantageous. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of animal feed supplements on egg quality. A total of 144 Isa Brown laying hens randomly to six (6) groups and four (4) replicates with six (6) hens per group (for each feed treatment) formed the experimental design. The hens were housed in ventilated and lighted cages and the experiment lasted five (5) months of laying. Six (06) feed treatments were tested: ACF (Mealy completed food), ACG (Granular completed food), CGMc (Granular supplements mixed with cracked maize), Mc+CF (Cracked maize morning / Mealy supplement at 1:00 p.m.), CF+Mc (Mealy supplement morning / Cracked maize at 01:00 p.m.) and CG+Mc (Granular supplement morning / Cracked maize at 01:00 p.m.). The external and internal physical quality of the eggs was determined. The form of presentation and the mode of distribution significantly influenced the physical quality of the eggs (p < 0.05). ACF and CGMc showed good shell strength (7.80 ± 0.28; 7.70 ± 0.28). The Mc+CF treatment accumulated the best external and internal physical quality scores. This treatment would be recommended to poultry farmers to have eggs with the best quality.
Abstract: Egg production in Benin is subject to a several constraints that hinder its development despite the growing demand for animal proteins. Therefore, finding innovative means and techniques to guarantee quality and quantity of production would be advantageous. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of animal feed supplements on egg quality...
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Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children (0-24 Months) in Households of Ndjamena State, Chad
Al Cherif Hamid Mahamat Al Cherif,
Himeda Makhlouf,
Mahamat Bechir,
Aurelie Solange Ntso Agume,
Aime Lahtang Bada,
Sokeng Dongmo Selestin,
Nicolas Yanou Njintang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
128-141
Received:
17 June 2022
Accepted:
12 July 2022
Published:
22 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.15
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Abstract: Malnutrition is a well-known public health problem in children under 5 in developing countries. It is in this sense that a study was carried out among children aged 0 to 24 months in households in the Ndjamena region. This study therefore sought to assess the relationships that could exist between the anthropometric status of children from 0 to 24 months and their feeding practices as well as the nutritional and health status of mothers. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique in which the household was the basic sampling unit. In fact, out of 1000 households surveyed, 396 mother / child couples were interviewed. A questionnaire comprising the variables (feeding practices of infants and young children, dietary diversity of the mother, socio-demographic and professional parameters of the mother and anthropometric parameters) made it possible to collect information on the children and their mothers. Anthropometric data were collected in order to calculate the indices (Weight / Height; Height / Age; Weight / Age; BP and bilateral edemas), and for the classification of children, we used the WHO references. The prevalence of acute malnutrition was 28.34% where 3.70% presented the severe form. Similarly, 24.20% of children surveyed were affected by stunting with 10.20% of them presenting the severe form. In addition, 18.41% were underweight with 9.93% having the severe form. However, 88.80% of the mothers didn’t attended school, 46.60% of them were housewives, 55.90% were under 25.5 years old and mostly having at least one child (81.50%). Most of the infants (83.60%) received colostrum, where 33.60% of mothers breastfed the infants immediately after birth. Then, 55.90% of the mothers surveyed continued to breastfeed until the age of over one year (≥ 14 months). In addition, 33.60% of the mothers introduced the complementary food early. Overall malnutrition was significantly more common among children of mothers who did not attend school, as well as those who reportedly did not practice any economic activity. Finally, the prevalence of the three forms of malnutrition decreased when the mother's education level increased, the mother's health and nutritional conditions were good, and the feeding practices were appropriate. This study allowed us to identify the factors that impact the life of this vulnerable social layer and for which it would be important to further improve strategies to reduce and limit the spread of malnutrition in children.
Abstract: Malnutrition is a well-known public health problem in children under 5 in developing countries. It is in this sense that a study was carried out among children aged 0 to 24 months in households in the Ndjamena region. This study therefore sought to assess the relationships that could exist between the anthropometric status of children from 0 to 24 ...
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The Contribution of Obesity to Alterations in Atherogenic Lipids in Cameroon Children
Lifoter Kenneth Navti,
Dufe Martha Yimbu,
Loveline Lum Niba,
Charlotte Mungho Tata,
Mary Bi Suh Atanga
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
142-150
Received:
22 June 2022
Accepted:
14 July 2022
Published:
22 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jfns.20221004.16
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Abstract: Background: Obesity among children is rising steadily in Cameroon and its association with dyslipidemia and consequently cardiovascular risk has become a concern for medical researchers. This study aims at determining the prevalence of dyslipidemia and also quantifying the effects of obesity assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on changes in atherogenic lipid levels in children. Methods: A hospital-based analysis was carried out in children (270 males, 296 females) of ages 5 to 16 years at the outpatient unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured and adjusted for age and gender. BMI and WHtR were calculated. A vacutainer was used to obtain fasting venous blood samples from the children. The total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were determined by enzymatic method using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer - RX Monaco (RANDOX, UK). The relationships between obesity and altered serum lipid concentrations were assessed using multiple quantile regression analysis. Results: From this sample, 46.4% and 44.9% of females and males respectively had at least one lipid disorder and the most common lipid disorder was low HDL-C. After adjusting for age and gender, BMI-obesity was significantly associated with a 6.76mg/dl, 4.92mg/dl and 5.09mg/dl increase in TC (p = 0.016), TG (p = 0.021) and LDL-C (p = 0.001) respectively, and a decrease (-3.92mg/dl) in HDL-C (p = 0.030). Also, central obesity (WC) significantly increased TC (p = 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.020) by 6.01mg/dl and 4.32mg/dl respectively and decreased HDL-C by -4.01mg/dl (p = 0.003). WHtR was also associated with a 6.69mg/dl and 5.18mg/dl increase in TC (p < 0.001) and LDL-C (p < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces the frequent occurrence of altered serum lipid levels in Cameroon children and the contribution of BMI-obesity to the condition. Future studies are required to evaluate the contribution of other modifiable drivers of dyslipidemia in childhood to aid interventions, as this condition can increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: Background: Obesity among children is rising steadily in Cameroon and its association with dyslipidemia and consequently cardiovascular risk has become a concern for medical researchers. This study aims at determining the prevalence of dyslipidemia and also quantifying the effects of obesity assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to...
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